天安门简介，天安是故宫的一部分吗

本文目录一览

1，天安是故宫的一部分吗
2，天安门可以用什么词来形容
3，天安门的由来
4，天安门简介一百字以内
5，北京的天安门简介

1，天安是故宫的一部分吗

天安是故宫的一部分，是故宫的北大前门。故宫外有一皇城，天安门就是皇城的北门，皇城的其它三个门，城北是地安门，东为东华门，西为西华门，皇城的城墙不完整，天安门两侧墙比较完整。明清时期，天安门广场是北京紫禁城正门外的一个宫廷广场，东、西、南三面用围墙围成一片普通百姓不可进入的禁地。天安门简介：天安门作为建筑群是故宫的一部分，但是天安门不属于故宫博物院的范畴，天安门的后面就是故宫，故宫的正门是午门，通过午门才算是进故宫游览。天安门可以说是中国著名的地标之一，也是我国开国大典以及历次阅兵的举办场所。天安门是中华文明的历史象征，见证了我国的开国大典、升旗仪式、历次大阅兵等。天安门始建于明朝永乐15年，在紫禁城建成之后才开始建设，刚开始的时候天安门是叫承天门，寓意“承天启运，受命于天”，之后改名为天安门，寓意“受命于天，安邦定国”。

天安是故宫的一部分吗

2，天安门可以用什么词来形容

天安门是皇宫的冠冕，城楼的杰作，东方大国气派的门脸。天安门是近现代中国的晴雨表，是民族情感跌宕起伏的温度计。天安门及其广场是有灵魂的。那是民族的灵魂，是和每一个关心国家民族命运的，炎黄子孙休戚相关的灵魂。天安门书写着首都的繁荣，书写着中国的美丽。她是北京的也是世界的，来吧！朋友，这里可是净化心灵的好地方，这里可是美丽的天堂！美丽的天安门广场，我天天都把你来看望。我在这里想着我，千里之外的家乡，深情地凝望。拓展资料：天安门，坐落在中华人民共和国首都北京市的中心、故宫的南端，与天安门广场以及人民英雄纪念碑、毛主席纪念堂、人民大会堂、中国国家博物馆隔长安街相望，占地面积4800平方米，以杰出的建筑艺术和特殊的政治地位为世人所瞩目。天安门是明清两代北京皇城的正门，始建于明朝永乐十五年（1417年），最初名“承天门”，寓“承天启运、受命于天”之意。设计者为明代御用建筑匠师蒯祥。清朝顺治八年（1651年）更名为天安门。由城台和城楼两部分组成，有汉白玉石的须弥座，总高34.7米。天安门城楼长66米、宽37米。城台下有券门五阙，中间的券门最大，位于北京皇城中轴线上，过去只有皇帝才可以由此出入。正中门洞上方悬挂着毛泽东画像，两边分别是“中华人民共和国万岁”和“世界人民大团结万岁”的大幅标语。民国十四年（1925年）十月十日，故宫博物院成立，天安门开始对民众开放。1949年10月1日，在这里举行了中华人民共和国开国大典，由此被设计入国徽，并成为中华人民共和国的象征。1961年，中华人民共和国国务院公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位之一。参考资料：百度百科-天安门

天安门可以用什么词来形容

3，天安门的由来

安门始建于明永乐十五年（1417年），原名“承天门”，取“承天启运”、“受命于天”之意。当时天安门是一座黄瓦飞檐、三层楼的五洞牌坊，朱漆金钉，光彩夺目。一条笔直的中心御道，穿过端门，直通皇宫正门的午门。御道两侧，按左宗庙、右社稷的传统建制排建。御道两侧增筑红墙，一直延伸到天安门外，与两道干步廊相连，成为一个封闭状态的宫廷广场。广场外围，左为文官官署，右为武官官署，充分显示了中央集权的浩浩声势。清顺治八年（1651年），改建为“天安门”，取“受命于天”、“安邦治民”之意。它有汉白玉石的须弥座，高大而色彩浓郁的墙台，上有两层重檐大楼，东西九间，南北五间，象征皇权的“九五之尊”。通高33．7米，36扇朱红菱花门扉，60根通天圆柱，贴金的“双龙合玺”彩锦，团龙图案的天花藻井，由一个450公斤八角宫灯和16个各重350公斤的六角宫灯组成的众星捧月图案，使整个大殿庄严雄伟，金碧辉煌。门前开通的金水河，一枕碧流，飞架起七座精美的汉白玉桥，桥面略拱，桥身如虹，构成绮丽的曲线美。桥南东西两侧，各有白玉石华表矗立，云绕龙盘，极富气势。面前是封闭状态的宫廷广场，文武百官到此下马，庶民百姓不得入内，探头一看，即犯“私窥宫门”的重罪，格杀无赦。明清五百年间,天安门是新帝登基、皇后册封而颁诏天下的地方，是皇帝金殿传胪、招贤取士的场所，也是皇帝出征赴太庙祭祖的必经之路，对老百姓来说，它是拒人千里之外的禁区。直到1911年辛亥革命以后，宫廷广场两侧紧闭的大门自然而倒，东西长安街变成交通畅行的要道。自此以后，炳彪中国革命史册的“五四运动”、“一二九运动”、开国大典、“四五运动”等等重大历史事件，都以此为舞台，威武雄壮地在这里演出。特别是新中国成立后，天安门成了伟大祖国的象征，新扩建的天安门广场成了世界上最大最壮丽的人民广场。天安门是人间的琼楼玉宇，集古代建筑艺术之大成。它又是封建等级制的形象体现：中间最突出的一座雕着蟠龙柱头的桥面，只许皇帝一人通过，叫“御路桥”；左右两座雕有荷花柱头的桥面，只许亲王通过，叫“王公桥”；再两边的，只许三品以上的文武大臣通过，叫“品级桥”；最靠边的普通浮雕石桥，才是四品以下官吏和兵了走的，叫“公生桥”。自1987年11月开始，天安门正式对中外游客开放。在此之前，极少有普普通通的老百姓像今天这样可以接近天安门，尽情瞻仰她的丰美雄姿，和像当年国家领导人一样，自由自在地扶栏远眺广场壮阔的全景。因而，自开放后，吸引着成千上万的中外游客竞相登楼畅游。天安门简介

天安门的由来

4，天安门简介一百字以内

天安门位于北京市区中心，原是明、清两朝正门，明永乐十八年建成，清顺治八年改建为如今样式，更名为天安门。拓展资料：天安门历史沿革元朝元朝至元元年（1264年）元世祖诏令以燕京作为中都，至元九年改中都为大都。元大都从至元四年（1267年）开始兴建，到元至元二十二年（1285年）建成，历时18年。大都城从里至外分别是宫城、皇城和大城。明朝明朝洪武元年（1368年），明朝建立，明大将徐达统率军队攻克元大都，更名为北平。永乐元年（1403年）正月，燕王朱棣将北平改称北京，暂称“行在”（皇帝在外时的行都）。就位后把首都从南京迁到北京。明永乐十五年（1417年），征召全国各地能工巧匠，开始大规模重建北京城。其时，江苏省苏州府吴县香山人蒯祥奉命设计建造皇宫，负责设计和组织施工作承天门。明永乐十八年（1420年），承天门建成，为一座黄瓦飞檐的三层楼式的五座木牌坊，因建造时完全模仿南京的承天门，故命名承天门。牌坊正中高悬“承天之门”匾额。明永乐十九年（1421年），朱棣颁诏正式迁都北京。明天顺元年（1456年），承天门遭雷击起火被焚毁。明成化元年（1465年），由工部尚书白圭主持，由蒯祥设计并领衔重建了承天门。此次重建后的承天门，只是由原来的东西宽5间、南北进深3间，扩大为宽9间、进深5间，形制上由原来的牌坊式改建成宫殿式。承天门由城台和城楼两部分组成，是当时北京城里最大、最高的一座门楼。本次重修，也奠定了今日天安门的形制。明崇祯十七年（1644年），李自成率领农民起义军攻占京城再次被毁。次年再次重修承天门。清朝清顺治八年（1651年），清世祖福临下令在原址废墟上大规模改建，并更名为“天安门”，取“受命于天，安邦治国”之意。康熙年间又经过两次大规模的修缮。清光绪二十六年（1900年），八国联军攻入北京，洗劫并炮轰天安门。建国以后1949年8月9日至14日，第一届北平市各界代表会议一致决定：整修天安门和天安门广场。当时的北平市政府动员全市人民对市区进行一次彻底的大清理，以崭新的面貌迎接新中国诞生。1949年10月1日，新中国举行盛大的开国大典。[7]毛泽东率领党、政、军和各民主党派、群众团体的负责人登上天安门城楼，向全世界宣告中华人民共和国成立。1952年，北京市第四届第一次各界人民代表大会，决定较全面地修缮天安门城楼。这是自清康熙二十九年（1690年）近260年以来第一次大规模的修缮工程。1956年，对城楼东北翼角及劈裂、脱样的角梁进行了翻修，接长了城台栏杆扶手。为确保天安门的绝对安全，1957年8月至9月，有关部门在对天安门城楼进行防雷工程全面检查的基础上，在顶部安装了避雷设施。1966年4月，邢台地震发生地震后，政府组织力量对城楼内的五架梁、西山花踏脚木、草架柱进行了加固，将部分倾斜的梁柱等构件进行了拉结，并增加了铁箍。1969年12月15日至1970年4月7日，为彻底解决天安门城楼几百年来积存下的种种问题和不安全隐患，国务院和北京市委决定将旧城楼拆除，按原规模和建筑形制重建天安门城楼。重建的天安门城楼实际通高34.7米，比以前高了83厘米。此次重建将原勾头滴水瓦头的龙纹改为葵花纹，将原大点金旋子彩画改为金龙和玺彩画，枋心绘西番莲，且将大木改造。1980年，又一次大修，按9度抗震能力设计施工。1984年，有关技术部门对城楼防雷设施进行了重点检查和遥测，增加了防雷引下线。1988年，城楼开始对公众开放。1991年，天安门城楼上装置了238组立面泛光照明设备。1992年，为迎接党的“十四大”胜利召开，又在城楼上安装了14道光芒四射灯。1994年，为庆祝中华人民共和国成立45周年，对天安门及两侧红宫墙进行了大规模修缮粉刷，新式大红灯笼取代了旧灯笼，更换了城楼地毯和大厅内壁画，厅内的红漆木柱、菱花格窗也全部进行了油饰。2009年，天安门城楼为迎接新中国成立60周年展开修缮。此次天安门城楼修缮工程将主要以对梁柱、屋顶等部位的重新粉刷和彩绘为主。2011年国庆节前，天安门进行每年例行围挡施工，通过施工，工人还将检查天安门城楼主体部分是否有开裂、漏水等情况，然后进行修补。此外，还将对天安门城楼、东西红墙等进行外墙粉刷。2012年，为迎接国庆节和党的“十八大”的召开，天安门城楼红墙将被重新粉刷。2013年5月2日至6月6日，经北京市人民政府批准，天安门地区管理委员会对天安门城楼实施“琉璃瓦屋面除草、清垄维护保养工程”施工。院内地面将进行铺装改造，解决地面防滑和破损问题。2018年6月12日，从天安门地区管委会获悉，天安门城楼及城台修缮方案已获国家文物局批准，将于2018年6月15日正式开工。预计2019年4月底恢复对外开放，5月底全部完工。参考资料：天安门（北京故宫城门、中国国家象征）

5，北京的天安门简介

　　Tiananmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of Heavenly Succession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tiananmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign.　　During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tiananmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:　　1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony)　　2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), to Tiananmen Gate tower.　　3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.　　4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites.　　5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country.　　Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix”.　　During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tiananmen was the most important passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.　　On the Westside of Tiananmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sens Park), and on the east side, the Working Peoples Cultural Palave. The Park was formerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.　　The Working Peoples Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.　　The stream in front of Tiananmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royals Bridges). Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( common Bridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.　　The two stone lions by the Gate of Tiananmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperors walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament.　　The beast sitting on the top of the column is called” hou”, a legendary animal, which is said to have been a watcher of an emperors behaviour. He was doing such duties as warning the emperor against staying too long outside the palace or indulging in pleasure and urging him to go to the people for their complaints or return in due time. Therefore, the two pairs of beasts were given the names” Wangjunhui”( Expecting the emperors coming back) and “ wangjunchu”( Expecting the emperors going out) respectinvely.　　In the old days, Tiananmen, as a part of the Imperial City, was meant for important occasions. The two rows of chaofang( antechamber), on the sides behind the main gate, wre reserved for civil and military members of the government waiting for imperial audience and in front of the gate, were offices of imperial administration.　　On October 1, 1949, chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed on Tiananmen Rostrum the founding of the Peoples Republic of China. Since then Tiananmen has been the symbol of New Chine\a. Chairman Maos portrait is hung above the central entrance, flanked by two slogans:” Long Live the Great Unity of the Peoples of the World”. Today , the splendour of Tiananmen attracts million of visitors from all over the world. The Rostrum on its top was opened in 1988 to the public for the first time in its history. It offers a panoramic view of the Square and the city proper.　　Tiananmen Square　　Situated due south of Tiananmen, the Square has an area of 44 hectares( 109 acres) that can accommodate as many as one million people for public gatherings. It has witnessed may historical events in Chinas modern history and is a place for celebrations on such festive days as international Labour Day on May 1st and national Day on October 1st.　　Around the Square are several famous buildings:　　1 The Great Hall of the People　　This is one of the largest congressional buildings in the world. Built in 1959, the hall consists of three parts: a 10,000-seat auditorium in the center, a banquet hall in the north wing facing Changan Street, with a seating capacity of 5,000, and offices for the Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress of China in the south. In addition, thirty-four reception chambers are named after various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly unde the Central Government, plus Hong Kong and Macao. Each is different from the other in decoration and furnishings to stress their local features.　　2 The Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the Chinese Revolution　　These two museums were also built in 1959. the museum of Chinese History houses a permanent exhibition in four parts, covering the entire process of Chinese history spanning from 1.7 million years ago to 1919:　　1) The Primitive Society( 1.7 million years ago to the 21st century BC);　　2) The Slave Society(21st century BC to 476 BC.);　　3) The Feudal Society(475 BC. To 1840 AD.);　　4) The Semi-Colonial and Semi- Fedual Society(1840 to 1919.)　　The Museum of the Chinese Revolution covers the period from 1919 to 1949.　　3 The Monument to the Peoples Heroes　　the monument was built in memory of thousands of martyrs who died for the revolutionary cause of the Chinese people. Its construction began on August 1, 1952 and was not completed until 1958. in the form of an obelisk, the Monument as made of more than 17,000 pieces of tranite and white marble. The purple piece inlaid in the front of the Monument was brought from Qingdao, Shandong Province. It is 38 meters(124ft 8 in) high, the loftiest of its kind ever seen in the country. Not only is it an historic memorial for immortal heroes, but also it is an artistic work of excellent architectural value.　　On the front side of the Monument is an engraved inscription in Chinese characters written by Chairman Mao Zedong, which reads” Eternal Glory to the Peoples Heroes!”. On the back of the Monument is an article written by Chairman Mao, but in Chinese calligraphy by the late Premier Zhou Enlai.　　At the top of the Monument are eight gigantic carved wreathes of such flowers as peony, lotus and chrysanthemum, symbolizing nobility, purity, and fortitude. At the base of the monument are eight marble reliefs depicting the Chinese historic events since 1840. They are:　　1) The Burning of Opium in 1840:　　2) The uprising of 1851 in Jintian, Guangxi;　　3) The Revolution of 1911;　　4) The May Fourth Movement of 1919;　　5) The May 30th Movement of 1925;　　6) The Uprising of 1927 in Nanchang, Jiangxi;　　7) The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945;　　8) The Victorious Crossing over the Yangtze River by the Peopless Liberation Army in 1949. This relief is flanked by two smaller ones—“ Supplying the Front” and “ Greeting the P.L.A.”.　　4 Chairman Maos Mausoleum　　Chairman Mao Zedong, the founder of the Peoples Pepublic of China, passed away on Sepember 9, 1976. In commemoration of this great man, a mausoleum began to be constructed in November 1976, and was completes in August the following year. The Mausoleum was officially opened on September 9, 1977.　　The mausoleum is surrounded by four groups of sculpture. East of the northern entrance is the sculpture depicting the period of the New Democratic Revolution( 1919-1949), and west of it is the one signifying the great achievements of the Chinese people during the period of slcialist revolution and construction since 1949. The sculptures in front of the southern gate are figures of workers, peasants soldiers, intellectuals, technicians and children.　　Inside the Mausoleum are three main sections: A white marble statue of Chairman Mao is mounted on a platform in the front lobby. On the wall behind the statue is a 24-metre-long( 79-foot-long) tapestry, a fine needlepoint work with beautiful landscapes of the country.　　In the main hall there is a crystal coffin, in which Chairman Maos body lies stately with the Communist Partys flag covering over him.　　On the wall of the southern lobby, a poem by Chairman Mao and in his own calligraphy is inscribed in gold inlay. It expresses his full great expectations for the country.　　Tian anmen Square has now completed its renovation after eight months hard work to welcome the 50th anniversary of the Peoples Republic in 1999.　　英文的...　　各位团友大家好，今天我们要参观的是世界上最大的城市中心广场——天安门广场及天安门。　　天安门广场位于北京市中心。南北长880米，东西宽500米，占地面积达44万平方米，是当今世界上最大的城市中心广场。国家机构按文东武西的格局分列广场两侧。东边建有国家博物馆，西边是人民大会堂，中间耸立国旗旗杆和人民英雄纪念碑。毛主席纪念堂在广场南部。最南端是正阳门及其箭楼。　　我们现在所在的位置就是皇城的正门天安门。天安门始建于明永乐十五年（1417年），原名承天门，取“承天启运，受命于天”之意。开始时仅是一座三层楼式的木坊。屡毁屡建，直至清顺治八年（1651年）才重建为九五开间的重檐歇山式顶楼，取“受命于天,安邦定国”之意。改名为天安门。天安门除了举行其他盛大仪式之外，也曾经是清朝皇帝举行“金凤颁诏”礼的地方。每逢冬至去天坛祭天，夏至到地坛祭地，孟春到先农坛耕，以及皇帝大婚或出兵亲征，都要从天安门出入。举子们的黄榜也是从此捧出的。　　现在的天安门城楼在城台正中大门上方挂有一幅巨型毛主席画像。画像高6米、宽4.6米，总重约1.5吨。每年国庆节前都要重新绘制。第一幅画像的作者是周令钊。现在画像的工作由北京美术公司的葛小光先生接续。在城楼重檐正中悬挂的国徽是以周令钊和张仃的创意为基础，最终由梁思成设计完成的，国徽的图案由天安门、国旗、齿轮、麦稻穗和红绶带组成。城楼内根据开国大典时的环境布置有国画“铁骨傲霜雪，幽香透国魂”及董希文创作的著名油画《开国大典》。　　城门前面是与故宫内相通的金水河，河上横跨7座汉白玉金水桥，中间5座分别与天安门城楼的5个门洞相对。正中是供帝后行走的御路桥，两侧为宗室王公行走的皇族桥。再向外的两座是品级桥，供三品以上官员行走。最外面位于太庙和社稷坛门前的，是供四品以下官员及其其他人员行走的公生桥。在金水桥南北两岸各有一对雕刻于明永乐年间的石狮子，东侧的都是雄狮子。脚踏绣球，象征一统寰宇。西侧的都是雌狮子。脚踩幼狮，寓意母仪天下，子孙绵延。它们都把头微微倾向内侧，以示保护御路保护皇上。金水河南岸还有一对立于明成化元年高约10米，重达20吨的汉白玉华表，与其对称在天安门内侧也有一对。华表顶部承露盘上有一小兽，俗称“望天吼”。其作用是用来警示皇上。据说华表源于用作路标的表木和听取意见的诽谤木。现在的华表只是用来起装饰作用。　　华表以南这条车水马龙的大街就是“中华第一街”——长安街了。明清时期的长安街东起东单牌楼，西到西单牌楼。全长十华里号称“十里长街”。如今的长安街，东起通州，西至石景山，全长42公里。可谓“百里长街”。　　长安街过后，由近到远。首先看到的就是，由曾联松设计的中华人民共和国国旗。第一面国旗的制作者是国营永茂实业公司的宋树信。高32.6米的旗杆是由特殊处理过的，20年不会腐蚀的无缝钢管分4节组装而成。　　旗杆的远处广场的中心位置，是新中国第一座大型纪念性建筑——人民英雄纪念碑。纪念碑以梁思成的设计方案为主，再综合其他3个方案，于1952年8月正式动工兴建，1958年5月1日完工。通高约38米，碑芯高14．7米，重60吨；碑身由413块花岗岩组成；碑座四面镶嵌有8幅巨大的浮雕，内容分别为焚烧鸦片、金田起义、武昌起义、五四运动、五卅运动、南昌起义、抗日游击战争、胜利渡长江。碑身正面有毛泽东主席亲笔题写的镏金大字“人民英雄永垂不朽”，背面是毛主席起草周总理亲笔书写的碑文。碑文内容是“三千年以来，在人民解放战争和人民革命中牺牲的人民英雄们永垂不朽。三十年以来，在人民解放战争和人民革命中牺牲的人民英雄们永垂不朽，由此上溯到一千八百四十年，从那时起为了反对内外敌人，争取民族独立和人民自由幸福，在历次斗争中牺牲的人民英雄永垂不朽!”　　天安门广场南部的方形建筑，就是安放毛主席遗体的毛主席纪念堂。纪念堂占地面57万多平方米，全部工程仅用6个月就完成。在主席逝世一周年时正式对外开放。纪念堂内由北大厅、瞻仰厅和南大厅组成。北大厅中央是高3米的毛主席汉白玉坐象，坐像的背后是巨幅祖国山河图。瞻仰厅是纪念堂的核心部分，内有黑色花岗岩砌成的梯形棺床。上面安放着有毛主席遗体的水晶棺。南大厅北墙为汉白玉石墙，上面镌刻有毛主席的诗词《满江红》。　　现在咱们来看广场的东西两侧。在广场的西侧是1958年10月兴建，1959年国庆前竣工的人民大会堂。整组建筑平面呈“山”字形，正面墙呈“弓”字形。中央最高处为46.5米，因此大会堂是整个天安门广场上的最高建筑。大会堂四周用143根巨柱支撑，东部有金色大铜门5扇，正门上方高悬着全国最大的国徽，极为宏伟壮观。中部是著名的万人大会堂，三层扇形会场可容纳10000人。穹窿形的顶部中央位置为巨大的红五角星灯，发出70道光芒，周围是40片葵花瓣、500个满天星及三层水波形灯槽。喻意“万众一心团结在党中央周围”。北部为我国最大的宴会厅。可同时供5000人宴会，一万人酒会。南部是人大常委会办公楼，办公楼部分还包括有全国各省、市、自治区、直辖市、特区各具特色的会议厅。　　天安门广场东侧的巍峨建筑就是国家博物馆了，北半部是中国革命博物馆，南半部是中国历史博物馆。中国革命博物馆建成于1959年8月。有两层展室，自1961年7月1日正式开放。以自“五四”以来的革命资料为主要展品，分为《近代中国陈列》和《当代中国陈列》各展厅内有图片、文字说明和大量实物。　　中国历史博物馆前身是北京历史博物馆，成立于1912年7月。1959年迁入。基本陈列是《中国通史》，展品跨越从奴隶社会夏商周到太平天国直至清王朝灭亡数千年历史，分朝代展出文物、货币、书画等40多万件历史文物。　　现在咱们再回到广场的最南端，这里的两座建筑就是内城中最高大的城门正阳门及其箭楼了，“正阳”取“圣主当阳，日至中天，万国瞻仰”之意。建成于明永乐十八年。光绪年间被八国联军炮火击毁，后重建。　　好了，天安门广场及天安门的参观到此就结束了。现在给大家20分钟自由活动。　　中文的